pastry
truetype font renderer
commit ff7170bf
| author | nora aoki <n0ra@cumallover.me> |
|---|---|
| date | 2026-10-17 17:24:22 +0530 |
| committer | nora aoki <n0ra@cumallover.me> (2026-10-17 17:24:22 +0530) |
| tree | c89ad41f1a78b851791b164068014eaacc13ac4b |
| parent |
initial
+2188 -0
.gitattributes added +1 -0
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a447c883199e76ef88747e5f960da45b275e15fc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +firago-extended.ttf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
.gitignore added +4 -0
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4daa547e235702f7b30e31e1e2bd2cc3c2d90930 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +pastry.o +release/ +.idea/ +demo
LICENSE added +22 -0
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5d3a081616f6c2e0bc653bc5ef6e5e101084879 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +The MIT License (MIT) + +Copyright © 2025 Nora Aoki + + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in +all copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN +THE SOFTWARE.
Makefile added +39 -0
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d503914095ce3db763196687123da1c14ffb893e --- /dev/null +++ b/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +CC = gcc +DEMO_CFLAGS = $(shell pkg-config --cflags x11 xrender harfbuzz) +DEMO_LIBS = $(shell pkg-config --libs x11 xrender harfbuzz) +CFLAGS = -std=c99 -pedantic-errors -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls \ + -Wnested-externs -Winline -Wundef -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Wcast-align -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \ + -Wfloat-conversion -Wformat=2 -Wformat-security -Wformat-nonliteral -Wstrict-aliasing=3 -Wstrict-overflow=5 -Wjump-misses-init \ + -Wdouble-promotion -Wlogical-op -Wdangling-pointer -Wunreachable-code -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wswitch-enum -Wswitch-default \ + -Wshift-negative-value -fno-builtin -fno-common -fstrict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -O2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer + +SRC = pastry.c +OBJ = pastry.o +LIB = libpastry.a +HDR = pastry.h + +RELEASE_DIR = release +INCLUDE_DIR = $(RELEASE_DIR)/include +LIB_DIR = $(RELEASE_DIR)/lib + +all: $(LIB) + +$(LIB): $(OBJ) + @mkdir -p $(LIB_DIR) + ar rcs $(LIB_DIR)/$(LIB) $< + @echo "built $(LIB_DIR)/$(LIB)" + +$(OBJ): $(SRC) $(HDR) + @mkdir -p $(INCLUDE_DIR) + cp $(HDR) $(INCLUDE_DIR)/ + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@ + +# the demo shapes with harfbuzz at runtime and draws with pastry +demo: demo.c $(SRC) $(HDR) + $(CC) -std=c99 -O2 -Wall -Wextra $(DEMO_CFLAGS) demo.c $(SRC) -o $@ $(DEMO_LIBS) + +clean: + rm -rf $(RELEASE_DIR) + rm -f $(OBJ) demo + +.PHONY: all clean
README.md added +32 -0
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72bab6df81a1020ec21d2e923651e7e8c4f23f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# pastry + +**pastry** is a tiny truetype font renderer written in pure c99. it’s made to be simple, lightweight, and memory-friendly, which is perfect for embedded systems, games, or apps where big engines like freetype feel overkill. + +## features + +* single-file library +* solid truetype support +* memory efficient +* no external dependencies +* cross platform +* handles compound glyphs +* supports unicode bmp (0x0000–0xffff) +* hinting support\* +* ligature support\* +* affine transforms (scaling, translation, limited rotation) + + + +## limitations + +* no runtime truetype bytecode hinting. pastry just renders the outlines directly from the font. most modern fonts are pre-hinted anyway, so you're probably fine +* no text layout or substitution (like auto-turning `f` + `i` into `fi`), but if your system provides the pre-composed ligature glyph, pastry will render it perfectly +* no opentype features (like contextual alternates, glyph substitution, or positioning) +* no font collection handling. pastry just loads the full font file — you can’t pick individual weights or styles from a collection +* no support for color glyphs (colr/cpal), variable fonts, or characters outside the bmp (so, no emoji) +* only supports cmap tables 4, 6, 12, and 13, plus simple/compound glyf outlines +* only has its own fixed grayscale anti-aliasing method + +## usage + +look at `demo.c` for a usage example — the api is designed to be pretty simple, tbh.
algorithm.pseudocode added +116 -0
diff --git a/algorithm.pseudocode b/algorithm.pseudocode new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2fc7fc958723030865529bfd42939a96801cf116 --- /dev/null +++ b/algorithm.pseudocode @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +function render_bezier(beg_point, ctrl_point, end_point, output_buffer, width, height): + // set up curve structure + curve = Curve(beg_point, end_point, ctrl_point) + + // set up raster buffer + buffer = allocate_buffer(width, height) + clear_buffer(buffer) + + // tessellate and draw + tessellate_and_draw_curve(curve, buffer, width, height) + + // convert to final image + post_process(buffer, output_buffer, width, height) + +function is_flat(beg, ctrl, end): + // calculate twice the area of the triangle formed by the three points + // this gives a measure of how "curvy" the curve is + vector1 = (ctrl.x - beg.x, ctrl.y - beg.y) + vector2 = (end.x - beg.x, end.y - beg.y) + area2 = abs(vector1.x * vector2.y - vector1.y * vector2.x) + + // if area is small enough, the curve can be approximated as a straight line + return area2 <= 2.0 // threshold value + +function tessellate_and_draw_curve(curve, buffer, width, height): + stack = empty stack + stack.push(curve) + + while stack is not empty: + current_curve = stack.pop() + + if is_flat(points[current_curve.beg], + points[current_curve.ctrl], + points[current_curve.end]) or stack is full: + // draw as line segment if flat enough + draw_line(buffer, width, height, + points[current_curve.beg], + points[current_curve.end]) + else: + // subdivide curve at midpoint using de Casteljau's algorithm + left_ctrl = midpoint(points[current_curve.beg], points[current_curve.ctrl]) + right_ctrl = midpoint(points[current_curve.ctrl], points[current_curve.end]) + center = midpoint(left_ctrl, right_ctrl) + + // add new points to collection + center_idx = add_point(center) + left_ctrl_idx = add_point(left_ctrl) + right_ctrl_idx = add_point(right_ctrl) + + // push subdivided curves onto stack (right then left for proper order) + stack.push(Curve(center_idx, current_curve.end, right_ctrl_idx)) + stack.push(Curve(current_curve.beg, center_idx, left_ctrl_idx)) + +function draw_line(buffer, width, height, origin, goal): + delta = (goal.x - origin.x, goal.y - origin.y) + direction = (sign(delta.x), sign(delta.y)) + + // skip horizontal lines (no area contribution) + if direction.y == 0: + return + + // init grid traversal + init_pixel_coordinates(origin, direction, &pixel) + init_crossing_distances(origin, delta, direction, pixel, &next_crossing, &crossing_incr) + + prev_distance = 0.0 + num_steps = calculate_steps(origin, goal, direction) + half_delta_x = 0.5 * delta.x + + // walk through each pixel the line passes through + for step = 0 to num_steps-1: + next_distance = min(next_crossing.x, next_crossing.y) + + // calculate trapezoidal area contribution to current pixel + x_average = origin.x + (prev_distance + next_distance) * half_delta_x + y_difference = (next_distance - prev_distance) * delta.y + + // update coverage and area for this pixel + cell = buffer[pixel.y * width + pixel.x] + cell.cover += y_difference + cell.area += (1.0 - (x_average - pixel.x)) * y_difference + buffer[pixel.y * width + pixel.x] = cell + + // advance to next pixel + if next_crossing.x < next_crossing.y: + pixel.x += direction.x + next_crossing.x += crossing_incr.x + else: + pixel.y += direction.y + next_crossing.y += crossing_incr.y + + prev_distance = next_distance + + // handle final segment to line endpoint + next_distance = 1.0 + x_average = origin.x + (prev_distance + next_distance) * half_delta_x + y_difference = (next_distance - prev_distance) * delta.y + + cell = buffer[pixel.y * width + pixel.x] + cell.cover += y_difference + cell.area += (1.0 - (x_average - pixel.x)) * y_difference + buffer[pixel.y * width + pixel.x] = cell + +function post_process(buffer, output_image, width, height): + accumulated = 0.0 + + for each pixel in buffer (row-major order): + // combine accumulated coverage with local area + value = abs(accumulated + pixel.area) + value = clamp(value, 0.0, 1.0) + + // convert to 8-bit grayscale + output_image[pixel_index] = round(value * 255.0) + + // update accumulated coverage for next pixel + accumulated += pixel.cover
demo.c added +143 -0
diff --git a/demo.c b/demo.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ddbdc7e0b5d8611a47939ef1fcc80854f44fad16 --- /dev/null +++ b/demo.c @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <X11/Xlib.h> +#include <X11/extensions/Xrender.h> + +#include <stdint.h> +#include "pastry.h" + +#include <hb.h> +#include <hb-ot.h> + +static int add_glyph(Display *dpy, GlyphSet glyphset, PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph glyph) +{ +#define ABORT(glyph, m) do { fprintf(stderr, "glyph %lu %s\n", (unsigned long)(glyph), m); return -1; } while (0) + + PASTRY_GMetrics mtx; + if (pastry_gmetrics(pastry, glyph, &mtx) < 0) + ABORT(glyph, "bad glyph metrics"); + + PASTRY_Image img = { + .width = (mtx.minWidth + 3) & ~3, + .height = mtx.minHeight, + }; + char pixels[img.width * img.height]; + img.pixels = pixels; + if (pastry_render(pastry, glyph, img) < 0) + ABORT(glyph, "not rendered"); + + XGlyphInfo info = { + .x = (short) -mtx.leftSideBearing, + .y = (short) -mtx.yOffset, + .width = (unsigned short) img.width, + .height = (unsigned short) img.height, + .xOff = (short) mtx.advanceWidth, + .yOff = 0 + }; + Glyph g = (Glyph) glyph; + XRenderAddGlyphs(dpy, glyphset, &g, &info, 1, + img.pixels, (int) (img.width * img.height)); + + return 0; +} + +int main(void) +{ +#define END(m) do { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", m); return 1; } while (0) + + Display *dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL); + if (dpy == NULL) + END("Can't open X display"); + unsigned int s = 2, screen = (unsigned int)DefaultScreen(dpy); + + Window win = XCreateWindow(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), 0, 0, 600*s, 440*s, 0, + DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), InputOutput, CopyFromParent, 0, NULL); + XSelectInput(dpy, win, ExposureMask); + Atom wmDeleteWindow = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False); + XSetWMProtocols(dpy, win, &wmDeleteWindow, 1); + XMapRaised(dpy, win); + + XRenderPictFormat *fmt = XRenderFindVisualFormat(dpy, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen)); + Picture pic = XRenderCreatePicture(dpy, win, fmt, 0, NULL); + XRenderColor fg = { 0, 0, 0, 0xFFFF }, bg = { 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF }; + + Pixmap fgpix = XCreatePixmap(dpy, win, 1, 1, 24); + XRenderPictureAttributes attr = { .repeat = True }; + fmt = XRenderFindStandardFormat(dpy, PictStandardRGB24); + Picture fgpic = XRenderCreatePicture(dpy, fgpix, fmt, CPRepeat, &attr); + XRenderFillRectangle(dpy, PictOpSrc, fgpic, &fg, 0, 0, 1, 1); + + fmt = XRenderFindStandardFormat(dpy, PictStandardA8); + GlyphSet glyphset = XRenderCreateGlyphSet(dpy, fmt); + + PASTRY pastry = { + .xScale = 16*s, + .yScale = 16*s, + .flags = PASTRY_DOWNWARD_Y, + }; + pastry.font = pastry_loadfile("firago-extended.ttf"); + if (pastry.font == NULL) + END("failed to load font"); + + // harfbuzz does the shaping; pastry just draws the glyph ids it hands us + hb_blob_t *blob = hb_blob_create_from_file_or_fail("firago-extended.ttf"); + if (blob == NULL) + END("harfbuzz failed to load font"); + hb_face_t *face = hb_face_create(blob, 0); + hb_font_t *font = hb_font_create(face); + hb_ot_font_set_funcs(font); + hb_buffer_t *buffer = hb_buffer_create(); + + XEvent event; + while (!XNextEvent(dpy, &event)) { + if (event.type == Expose) { + XRenderFillRectangle(dpy, PictOpOver, pic, &bg, 0, 0, (unsigned int)event.xexpose.width, (unsigned int)event.xexpose.height); + + FILE *file = fopen("text.utf8", "r"); + if (file == NULL) + END("cannot open input text"); + + PASTRY_LMetrics lmtx; + pastry_lmetrics(&pastry, &lmtx); + int y = 20 + (int)lmtx.ascender + (int)lmtx.lineGap; + + char text[256]; + while (fgets(text, sizeof(text), file)) { + size_t len = strlen(text); + if (len > 0 && text[len - 1] == '\n') + text[--len] = 0; + + hb_buffer_clear_contents(buffer); + hb_buffer_add_utf8(buffer, text, (int)len, 0, (int)len); + hb_buffer_guess_segment_properties(buffer); + hb_shape(font, buffer, NULL, 0); + + unsigned int count = 0; + hb_glyph_info_t *info = hb_buffer_get_glyph_infos(buffer, &count); + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) + add_glyph(dpy, glyphset, &pastry, (PASTRY_Glyph) info[i].codepoint); + + unsigned int glyphs[256]; + for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count && i < 256; i++) + glyphs[i] = info[i].codepoint; + XRenderCompositeString32(dpy, PictOpOver, fgpic, pic, NULL, glyphset, 0, 0, 20, y, glyphs, (int)count); + + y += 2 * ((int)lmtx.ascender + (int)lmtx.descender + (int)lmtx.lineGap); + } + + fclose(file); + } else if (event.type == ClientMessage) { + if ((Atom) event.xclient.data.l[0] == wmDeleteWindow) + break; + } + } + + hb_buffer_destroy(buffer); + hb_font_destroy(font); + hb_face_destroy(face); + hb_blob_destroy(blob); + + pastry_freefont(pastry.font); + XCloseDisplay(dpy); + return 0; +}
demo.png added +0 -0
binary file, not shown.
firago-extended.ttf added +3 -0
diff --git a/firago-extended.ttf b/firago-extended.ttf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..509ebeb77a50b4478bfdcfb59b149bee18e8982b --- /dev/null +++ b/firago-extended.ttf @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:7db864491a8bb2fe665329e1ef6d8e0d5c9a93a4c043eff45d89e06baecde9a3 +size 1573820
pastry.c added +1700 -0
diff --git a/pastry.c b/pastry.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f94da2bc3e17d91b32c90fac56c3cc7c629497d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/pastry.c @@ -0,0 +1,1700 @@ +#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L +#include <assert.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> + +#if defined(_MSC_VER) +# define restrict __restrict +#endif + +#if defined(_WIN32) +# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1 +# include <windows.h> +#else +# include <fcntl.h> +# include <sys/mman.h> +# include <sys/stat.h> +# include <unistd.h> +#endif + +#include "pastry.h" + +#define PASTRY_VERSION "1.0.0" + +#define FILE_MAGIC_ONE 0x00010000 +#define FILE_MAGIC_TWO 0x74727565 + +#define HORIZONTAL_KERNING 0x01 +#define MINIMUM_KERNING 0x02 +#define CROSS_STREAM_KERNING 0x04 +#define OVERRIDE_KERNING 0x08 + +#define POINT_IS_ON_CURVE 0x01 +#define X_CHANGE_IS_SMALL 0x02 +#define Y_CHANGE_IS_SMALL 0x04 +#define REPEAT_FLAG 0x08 +#define X_CHANGE_IS_ZERO 0x10 +#define X_CHANGE_IS_POSITIVE 0x10 +#define Y_CHANGE_IS_ZERO 0x20 +#define Y_CHANGE_IS_POSITIVE 0x20 + +#define OFFSETS_ARE_LARGE 0x001 +#define ACTUAL_XY_OFFSETS 0x002 +#define GOT_A_SINGLE_SCALE 0x008 +#define THERE_ARE_MORE_COMPONENTS 0x020 +#define GOT_AN_X_AND_Y_SCALE 0x040 +#define GOT_A_SCALE_MATRIX 0x080 + +#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) +#define SIGN(x) (((x) > 0) - ((x) < 0)) +// alloc vals on stack if small enough, else spill to heap +#define PASTRY_STACK_ALLOC(var, type, thresh, count) \ + type var##_stack_[thresh]; \ + var = (count) <= (thresh) ? var##_stack_ : PASTRY_CALLOC(count, sizeof(type)); +#define PASTRY_STACK_FREE(var) \ + if (var != var##_stack_) PASTRY_FREE(var); + +enum +{ SrcMapping, SrcUser }; + +typedef struct Point Point; +typedef struct Line Line; +typedef struct Curve Curve; +typedef struct Cell Cell; +typedef struct Outline Outline; +typedef struct Raster Raster; + +struct Point +{ + double x, y; +}; +struct Line +{ + uint_least16_t beg, end; +}; +struct Curve +{ + uint_least16_t beg, end, ctrl; +}; +struct Cell +{ + double area, cover; +}; + +struct Outline +{ + Point *points; + Curve *curves; + Line *lines; + uint_least16_t numPoints; + uint_least16_t capPoints; + uint_least16_t numCurves; + uint_least16_t capCurves; + uint_least16_t numLines; + uint_least16_t capLines; +}; + +struct Raster +{ + Cell *cells; + int width; + int height; +}; + +struct PASTRY_Font +{ + const uint8_t *memory; + uint_fast32_t size; +#if defined(_WIN32) + HANDLE mapping; +#endif + int source; + + uint_least16_t unitsPerEm; + int_least16_t locaFormat; + uint_least16_t numLongHmtx; +}; + +// generic utils +static void *realloc_array(void *optr, size_t nmemb, size_t size); +static inline int fast_floor(double x); +static inline int fast_ceil (double x); + +// files +static int map_file (PASTRY_Font *font, const char *filename); +static void unmap_file(PASTRY_Font *font); +static int init_font (PASTRY_Font *font); + +// math +static Point midpoint(Point a, Point b); +static void transform_points(unsigned int numPts, Point *points, double trf[6]); +static void clip_points(unsigned int numPts, Point *points, int width, int height); + +// outline stuff +static int init_outline(Outline *outl); +static void free_outline(Outline *outl); +static int grow_points (Outline *outl); +static int grow_curves (Outline *outl); +static int grow_lines (Outline *outl); + +// parsing utils +static inline int is_safe_offset(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, uint_fast32_t margin); +static void *csearch(const void *key, const void *base, + size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)); +static void *binsearch(const void *key, const void *base, + size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)); +static int cmpu16(const void *a, const void *b); +static int cmpu32(const void *a, const void *b); +static inline uint_least8_t getu8 (PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset); +static inline int_least8_t geti8 (PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset); +static inline uint_least16_t getu16(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset); +static inline int_least16_t geti16(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset); +static inline uint_least32_t getu32(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset); +static int gettable(PASTRY_Font *font, const char tag[4], uint_fast32_t *offset); + +// codepoint to glyph id translation +static int cmap_fmt4(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t table, PASTRY_UChar charCode, uint_fast32_t *glyph); +static int cmap_fmt6(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t table, PASTRY_UChar charCode, uint_fast32_t *glyph); +static int glyph_id(PASTRY_Font *font, PASTRY_UChar charCode, uint_fast32_t *glyph); + +// glyph metrics lookup +static int hor_metrics(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t glyph, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing); +static int glyph_bbox(const PASTRY *pastry, uint_fast32_t outline, int box[4]); + +// decoding outlines +static int outline_offset(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t glyph, uint_fast32_t *offset); +static int simple_flags(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t *offset, uint_fast16_t numPts, uint8_t *flags); +static int simple_points(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, uint_fast16_t numPts, uint8_t *flags, Point *points); +static int decode_contour(uint8_t *flags, uint_fast16_t basePoint, uint_fast16_t count, Outline *outl); +static int simple_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, unsigned int numContours, Outline *outl); +static int compound_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, int recDepth, Outline *outl); +static int decode_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, int recDepth, Outline *outl); + +// tessellation +static int is_flat(Outline *outl, Curve curve); +static int tessellate_curve(Curve curve, Outline *outl); +static int tessellate_curves(Outline *outl); + +// silhouette rasterization +static void draw_line(Raster buf, Point origin, Point goal); +static void draw_lines(Outline *outl, Raster buf); + +// post processing +static void post_process(Raster buf, uint8_t *image); + +// glyph rendering +static int render_outline(Outline *outl, double transform[6], PASTRY_Image image); + +// ---------- impls start here ---------- + +const char * +pastry_version(void) +{ + return PASTRY_VERSION; +} + +// loads a font from a given mem range +PASTRY_Font * +pastry_loadmem(const void *mem, size_t size) +{ + PASTRY_Font *font; + if (size > UINT32_MAX) { + return NULL; + } + if (!(font = PASTRY_CALLOC(1, sizeof *font))) { + return NULL; + } + font->memory = mem; + font->size = (uint_fast32_t) size; + font->source = SrcUser; + if (init_font(font) < 0) { + pastry_freefont(font); + return NULL; + } + return font; +} + +// loads a font from the fs +PASTRY_Font * +pastry_loadfile(char const *filename) +{ + PASTRY_Font *font; + if (!(font = PASTRY_CALLOC(1, sizeof *font))) { + return NULL; + } + if (map_file(font, filename) < 0) { + PASTRY_FREE(font); + return NULL; + } + if (init_font(font) < 0) { + pastry_freefont(font); + return NULL; + } + return font; +} + +void +pastry_freefont(PASTRY_Font *font) +{ + if (!font) return; + // only unmap if it was mapped by pastry + if (font->source == SrcMapping) + unmap_file(font); + PASTRY_FREE(font); +} + +int +pastry_lmetrics(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_LMetrics *metrics) +{ + double factor; + uint_fast32_t hhea; + memset(metrics, 0, sizeof *metrics); + if (gettable(pastry->font, "hhea", &hhea) < 0) + return -1; + if (!is_safe_offset(pastry->font, hhea, 36)) + return -1; + factor = pastry->yScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + metrics->ascender = geti16(pastry->font, hhea + 4) * factor; + metrics->descender = geti16(pastry->font, hhea + 6) * factor; + metrics->lineGap = geti16(pastry->font, hhea + 8) * factor; + return 0; +} + +int +pastry_lookup(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_UChar codepoint, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph) +{ + return glyph_id(pastry->font, codepoint, glyph); +} + +int +pastry_gmetrics(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, PASTRY_GMetrics *metrics) +{ + int adv, lsb; + double xScale = pastry->xScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + uint_fast32_t outline; + int bbox[4]; + + memset(metrics, 0, sizeof *metrics); + + if (hor_metrics(pastry->font, glyph, &adv, &lsb) < 0) + return -1; + metrics->advanceWidth = adv * xScale; + metrics->leftSideBearing = lsb * xScale + pastry->xOffset; + + if (outline_offset(pastry->font, glyph, &outline) < 0) + return -1; + if (!outline) + return 0; + if (glyph_bbox(pastry, outline, bbox) < 0) + return -1; + metrics->minWidth = bbox[2] - bbox[0] + 1; + metrics->minHeight = bbox[3] - bbox[1] + 1; + metrics->yOffset = pastry->flags & PASTRY_DOWNWARD_Y ? -bbox[3] : bbox[1]; + + return 0; +} + +int +pastry_kerning(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph leftGlyph, PASTRY_Glyph rightGlyph, + PASTRY_Kerning *kerning) +{ + void *match; + uint_fast32_t offset; + unsigned int numTables, numPairs, length, format, flags; + int value; + uint8_t key[4]; + + memset(kerning, 0, sizeof *kerning); + + if (gettable(pastry->font, "kern", &offset) < 0) + return 0; + + // read kern table header + if (!is_safe_offset(pastry->font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + if (getu16(pastry->font, offset) != 0) + return 0; + numTables = getu16(pastry->font, offset + 2); + offset += 4; + + while (numTables > 0) { + // read subtable header + if (!is_safe_offset(pastry->font, offset, 6)) + return -1; + length = getu16(pastry->font, offset + 2); + format = getu8 (pastry->font, offset + 4); + flags = getu8 (pastry->font, offset + 5); + offset += 6; + + if (format == 0 && (flags & HORIZONTAL_KERNING) && !(flags & MINIMUM_KERNING)) { + // read format 0 header + if (!is_safe_offset(pastry->font, offset, 8)) + return -1; + numPairs = getu16(pastry->font, offset); + offset += 8; + // look up char code pair + key[0] = (leftGlyph >> 8) & 0xFF; + key[1] = leftGlyph & 0xFF; + key[2] = (rightGlyph >> 8) & 0xFF; + key[3] = rightGlyph & 0xFF; + if ((match = binsearch(key, pastry->font->memory + offset, + numPairs, 6, cmpu32)) != NULL) { + + value = geti16(pastry->font, (uint_fast32_t) ((uint8_t *) match - pastry->font->memory + 4)); + if (flags & CROSS_STREAM_KERNING) { + kerning->yShift += value; + } else { + kerning->xShift += value; + } + } + + } + + offset += length; + --numTables; + } + + kerning->xShift = kerning->xShift / pastry->font->unitsPerEm * pastry->xScale; + kerning->yShift = kerning->yShift / pastry->font->unitsPerEm * pastry->yScale; + + return 0; +} + +int +pastry_render(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, PASTRY_Image image) +{ + uint_fast32_t outline; + double transform[6]; + int bbox[4]; + Outline outl; + + if (outline_offset(pastry->font, glyph, &outline) < 0) + return -1; + if (!outline) + return 0; + if (glyph_bbox(pastry, outline, bbox) < 0) + return -1; + /* set up transformation matrix such that + * transformed bounding boxes min corner + * lines up with the (0, 0) point */ + transform[0] = pastry->xScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + transform[1] = 0.0; + transform[2] = 0.0; + transform[4] = pastry->xOffset - bbox[0]; + if (pastry->flags & PASTRY_DOWNWARD_Y) { + transform[3] = -pastry->yScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + transform[5] = bbox[3] - pastry->yOffset; + } else { + transform[3] = +pastry->yScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + transform[5] = pastry->yOffset - bbox[1]; + } + + memset(&outl, 0, sizeof outl); + if (init_outline(&outl) < 0) + goto failure; + + if (decode_outline(pastry->font, outline, 0, &outl) < 0) + goto failure; + if (render_outline(&outl, transform, image) < 0) + goto failure; + + free_outline(&outl); + return 0; + +failure: + free_outline(&outl); + return -1; +} + +/* sqrt(SIZE_MAX+1), as s1*s2 <= SIZE_MAX + * if both s1 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW and s2 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW */ +#define MUL_NO_OVERFLOW ((size_t)1 << (sizeof(size_t) * 4)) + +/* copy of openbsd's reallocarray function from the stdlib + * a wrapper for realloc() that takes two size args like calloc() + * useful cuz it eliminates some integer overflow bugs that pmo */ +static void * +realloc_array(void *optr, size_t nmemb, size_t size) +{ + if ((nmemb >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW || size >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW) && + nmemb > 0 && SIZE_MAX / nmemb < size) { + errno = ENOMEM; + return NULL; + } + return PASTRY_REALLOC(optr, (size * nmemb)); +} + +static inline int +fast_floor(double x) +{ + int i = (int) x; + return i - (i > x); +} + +static inline double +fast_abs(double x) +{ + return x < 0.0 ? -x : x; +} + +static inline int +fast_ceil(double x) +{ + int i = (int) x; + return i + (i < x); +} + +// largest double strictly less than x; x must be finite and positive. +// stands in for nextafter(x, 0.0) without pulling in libm. +static inline double +fast_prev(double x) +{ + union { double d; uint64_t u; } bits; + bits.d = x; + bits.u -= 1; + return bits.d; +} + +#if defined(_WIN32) + +static int +map_file(PASTRY_Font *font, const char *filename) +{ + HANDLE file; + DWORD high, low; + + font->mapping = NULL; + font->memory = NULL; + + file = CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); + if (file == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { + return -1; + } + + low = GetFileSize(file, &high); + if (low == INVALID_FILE_SIZE) { + CloseHandle(file); + return -1; + } + + font->size = (size_t)high << (8 * sizeof(DWORD)) | low; + + font->mapping = CreateFileMapping(file, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, high, low, NULL); + if (!font->mapping) { + CloseHandle(file); + return -1; + } + + CloseHandle(file); + + font->memory = MapViewOfFile(font->mapping, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0); + if (!font->memory) { + CloseHandle(font->mapping); + font->mapping = NULL; + return -1; + } + + return 0; +} + +static void +unmap_file(PASTRY_Font *font) +{ + if (font->memory) { + UnmapViewOfFile(font->memory); + font->memory = NULL; + } + if (font->mapping) { + CloseHandle(font->mapping); + font->mapping = NULL; + } +} + +#elif defined(PASTRY_NO_MMAP) + +static int +map_file(PASTRY_Font *font, const char *filename) +{ + FILE *f = fopen(filename, "rb"); + if (!f) return -1; + + if (fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) { + fclose(f); + return -1; + } + + long sz = ftell(f); + if (sz < 0) { + fclose(f); + return -1; + } + rewind(f); + + // allocate and read + void *mem = PASTRY_MALLOC((size_t)sz); + if (!mem) { + fclose(f); + return -1; + } + + size_t read_bytes = fread(mem, 1, (size_t)sz, f); + fclose(f); + if (read_bytes != (size_t)sz) { + PASTRY_FREE(mem); + return -1; + } + + font->memory = mem; + font->size = (uint_fast32_t) sz; + font->source = SrcCopy; + + return 0; +} + +static void +unmap_file(PASTRY_Font *font) +{ + if (font->memory) { + PASTRY_FREE(font->memory); + font->memory = NULL; + font->size = 0; + } +} + +#else + +static int +map_file(PASTRY_Font *font, const char *filename) +{ + struct stat info; + int fd; + font->memory = MAP_FAILED; + font->size = 0; + font->source = SrcMapping; + if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) { + return -1; + } + if (fstat(fd, &info) < 0) { + close(fd); + return -1; + } + // gottem + assert(info.st_size > 0); + font->memory = mmap(NULL, (size_t) info.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); + font->size = (uint_fast32_t) info.st_size; + close(fd); + return font->memory == MAP_FAILED ? -1 : 0; +} + +static void +unmap_file(PASTRY_Font *font) +{ + assert(font->memory != MAP_FAILED); + munmap((void *) (uintptr_t) font->memory, font->size); +} + +#endif + +static int +init_font(PASTRY_Font *font) +{ + uint_fast32_t scalerType, head, hhea; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, 0, 12)) + return -1; + // check for a compatible scalerType (magic number). */ + scalerType = getu32(font, 0); + if (scalerType != FILE_MAGIC_ONE && scalerType != FILE_MAGIC_TWO) + return -1; + + if (gettable(font, "head", &head) < 0) + return -1; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, head, 54)) + return -1; + font->unitsPerEm = getu16(font, head + 18); + font->locaFormat = geti16(font, head + 50); + + if (gettable(font, "hhea", &hhea) < 0) + return -1; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, hhea, 36)) + return -1; + font->numLongHmtx = getu16(font, hhea + 34); + + return 0; +} + +static Point +midpoint(Point a, Point b) +{ + return (Point) { + 0.5 * (a.x + b.x), + 0.5 * (a.y + b.y) + }; +} + +// apply an affine linear transformation matrix to a set of points +static void +transform_points(unsigned int numPts, Point *points, double trf[6]) +{ + assert(numPts == 0 || points != NULL); + assert(trf != NULL); + Point pt; + unsigned int i; + for (i = 0; i < numPts; ++i) { + pt = points[i]; + points[i] = (Point) { + pt.x * trf[0] + pt.y * trf[2] + trf[4], + pt.x * trf[1] + pt.y * trf[3] + trf[5] + }; + } +} + +static void +clip_points(unsigned int numPts, Point *points, int width, int height) +{ + assert(numPts == 0 || points != NULL); + assert(width > 0 && height > 0); + Point pt; + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0; i < numPts; ++i) { + pt = points[i]; + + if (pt.x < 0.0) { + points[i].x = 0.0; + } + if (pt.x >= width) { + points[i].x = fast_prev((double) width); + } + if (pt.y < 0.0) { + points[i].y = 0.0; + } + if (pt.y >= height) { + points[i].y = fast_prev((double) height); + } + } +} + +static int +init_outline(Outline *outl) +{ + assert(outl != NULL); + // add smaller initial allocations later (someday) + outl->numPoints = 0; + outl->capPoints = 64; + if (!(outl->points = PASTRY_MALLOC(outl->capPoints * sizeof *outl->points))) + return -1; + outl->numCurves = 0; + outl->capCurves = 64; + if (!(outl->curves = PASTRY_MALLOC(outl->capCurves * sizeof *outl->curves))) + return -1; + outl->numLines = 0; + outl->capLines = 64; + if (!(outl->lines = PASTRY_MALLOC(outl->capLines * sizeof *outl->lines))) + return -1; + return 0; +} + +static void +free_outline(Outline *outl) +{ + PASTRY_FREE(outl->points); + PASTRY_FREE(outl->curves); + PASTRY_FREE(outl->lines); +} + +static int +grow_points(Outline *outl) +{ + void *mem; + uint_fast16_t cap; + assert(outl->capPoints); + // since uint_fast16_t is used for capacities, be extra careful not to trigger int overflow + if (outl->capPoints > UINT16_MAX / 2) + return -1; + cap = (uint_fast16_t) (2U * outl->capPoints); + if (!(mem = realloc_array(outl->points, cap, sizeof *outl->points))) + return -1; + outl->capPoints = (uint_least16_t) cap; + outl->points = mem; + return 0; +} + +static int +grow_curves(Outline *outl) +{ + void *mem; + uint_fast16_t cap; + assert(outl->capCurves); + if (outl->capCurves > UINT16_MAX / 2) + return -1; + cap = (uint_fast16_t) (2U * outl->capCurves); + if (!(mem = realloc_array(outl->curves, cap, sizeof *outl->curves))) + return -1; + outl->capCurves = (uint_least16_t) cap; + outl->curves = mem; + return 0; +} + +static int +grow_lines(Outline *outl) +{ + void *mem; + uint_fast16_t cap; + assert(outl->capLines); + if (outl->capLines > UINT16_MAX / 2) + return -1; + cap = (uint_fast16_t) (2U * outl->capLines); + if (!(mem = realloc_array(outl->lines, cap, sizeof *outl->lines))) + return -1; + outl->capLines = (uint_least16_t) cap; + outl->lines = mem; + return 0; +} + +static inline int +is_safe_offset(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, uint_fast32_t margin) +{ + if (offset > font->size) return 0; + if (font->size - offset < margin) return 0; + return 1; +} + +// like bsearch(), but returns next highest element if key could not be found` +static void * +csearch(const void *key, const void *base, + size_t nmemb, size_t size, + int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)) +{ + const uint8_t *bytes = base, *sample; + size_t low = 0, high = nmemb - 1, mid; + if (!nmemb) return NULL; + while (low != high) { + mid = low + (high - low) / 2; + sample = bytes + mid * size; + if (compar(key, sample) > 0) { + low = mid + 1; + } else { + high = mid; + } + } + return (void *) ((uintptr_t)bytes + low * size); +} + +// bsearch(), minus the libc. returns NULL when the key is absent. +static void * +binsearch(const void *key, const void *base, + size_t nmemb, size_t size, + int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)) +{ + const uint8_t *bytes = base; + size_t low = 0, high = nmemb; + while (low < high) { + size_t mid = low + (high - low) / 2; + const uint8_t *sample = bytes + mid * size; + int cmp = compar(key, sample); + if (cmp == 0) + return (void *) (uintptr_t) sample; + if (cmp < 0) + high = mid; + else + low = mid + 1; + } + return NULL; +} + +// used as comparison function for [bc]search() +static int +cmpu16(const void *a, const void *b) +{ + return memcmp(a, b, 2); +} + +// used as comparison function for [bc]search() +static int +cmpu32(const void *a, const void *b) +{ + return memcmp(a, b, 4); +} + +static inline uint_least8_t +getu8(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset) +{ + assert(offset + 1 <= font->size); + return *(font->memory + offset); +} + +static inline int_least8_t +geti8(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset) +{ + return (int_least8_t) getu8(font, offset); +} + +static inline uint_least16_t +getu16(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset) +{ + assert(offset + 2 <= font->size); + const uint8_t *base = font->memory + offset; + uint_least16_t b1 = base[0], b0 = base[1]; + return (uint_least16_t) (b1 << 8 | b0); +} + +static inline int16_t +geti16(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset) +{ + return (int_least16_t) getu16(font, offset); +} + +static inline uint32_t +getu32(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset) +{ + assert(offset + 4 <= font->size); + const uint8_t *base = font->memory + offset; + uint_least32_t b3 = base[0], b2 = base[1], b1 = base[2], b0 = base[3]; + return (uint_least32_t) (b3 << 24 | b2 << 16 | b1 << 8 | b0); +} + +static int +gettable(PASTRY_Font *font, const char tag[4], uint_fast32_t *offset) +{ + void *match; + unsigned int numTables; + // no need to bounds-check access to the first 12 bytes cuz it's already checked by init_font() + numTables = getu16(font, 4); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, 12, (uint_fast32_t) numTables * 16)) + return -1; + if (!(match = binsearch(tag, font->memory + 12, numTables, 16, cmpu32))) + return -1; + *offset = getu32(font, (uint_fast32_t) ((uint8_t *) match - font->memory + 8)); + return 0; +} + +static int +cmap_fmt4(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t table, PASTRY_UChar charCode, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph) +{ + const uint8_t *segPtr; + uint_fast32_t segIdxX2; + uint_fast32_t endCodes, startCodes, idDeltas, idRangeOffsets, idOffset; + uint_fast16_t segCountX2, idRangeOffset, startCode, shortCode, idDelta, id; + uint8_t key[2] = { (uint8_t) (charCode >> 8), (uint8_t) charCode }; + // cmap format 4 only supports the unicode bmp + if (charCode > 0xFFFF) { + *glyph = 0; + return 0; + } + shortCode = (uint_fast16_t) charCode; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 8)) + return -1; + segCountX2 = getu16(font, table); + if ((segCountX2 & 1) || !segCountX2) + return -1; + // find starting positions of the relevant arrays + endCodes = table + 8; + startCodes = endCodes + segCountX2 + 2; + idDeltas = startCodes + segCountX2; + idRangeOffsets = idDeltas + segCountX2; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, idRangeOffsets, segCountX2)) + return -1; + /* find the segment that contains shortCode by binary searching over + * the highest codes in the segments. */ + segPtr = csearch(key, font->memory + endCodes, segCountX2 / 2, 2, cmpu16); + segIdxX2 = (uint_fast32_t) (segPtr - (font->memory + endCodes)); + // look up segment info from the arrays & short circuit if the spec requires + if ((startCode = getu16(font, startCodes + segIdxX2)) > shortCode) + return 0; + idDelta = getu16(font, idDeltas + segIdxX2); + if (!(idRangeOffset = getu16(font, idRangeOffsets + segIdxX2))) { + // intentional integer under/overflow + *glyph = (shortCode + idDelta) & 0xFFFF; + return 0; + } + // calculate offset into glyph array and determine ultimate value. + idOffset = idRangeOffsets + segIdxX2 + idRangeOffset + 2U * (unsigned int) (shortCode - startCode); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, idOffset, 2)) + return -1; + id = getu16(font, idOffset); + // intentional integer under/overflow + *glyph = id ? (id + idDelta) & 0xFFFF : 0; + return 0; +} + +static int +cmap_fmt6(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t table, PASTRY_UChar charCode, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph) +{ + unsigned int firstCode, entryCount; + // cmap format 6 only supports the unicode bmp + if (charCode > 0xFFFF) { + *glyph = 0; + return 0; + } + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 4)) + return -1; + firstCode = getu16(font, table); + entryCount = getu16(font, table + 2); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 4 + 2 * entryCount)) + return -1; + if (charCode < firstCode) + return -1; + charCode -= firstCode; + if (!(charCode < entryCount)) + return -1; + *glyph = getu16(font, table + 4 + 2 * charCode); + return 0; +} + +static int +cmap_fmt12_13(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t table, PASTRY_UChar charCode, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph, int which) +{ + uint32_t len, numEntries; + uint_fast32_t i; + + *glyph = 0; + + // ensure entire header + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 16)) + return -1; + + len = getu32(font, table + 4); + + // smol header is 16 bytes + if (len < 16) + return -1; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, len)) + return -1; + + numEntries = getu32(font, table + 12); + + for (i = 0; i < numEntries; ++i) { + uint32_t firstCode, lastCode, glyphOffset; + firstCode = getu32(font, table + (i * 12) + 16); + lastCode = getu32(font, table + (i * 12) + 16 + 4); + if (charCode < firstCode || charCode > lastCode) + continue; + glyphOffset = getu32(font, table + (i * 12) + 16 + 8); + if (which == 12) + *glyph = (charCode-firstCode) + glyphOffset; + else + *glyph = glyphOffset; + return 0; + } + + return 0; +} + +// maps unicode code points to glyph indices +static int +glyph_id(PASTRY_Font *font, PASTRY_UChar charCode, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph) +{ + uint_fast32_t cmap, entry, table; + unsigned int idx, numEntries; + int type, format; + + *glyph = 0; + + if (gettable(font, "cmap", &cmap) < 0) + return -1; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, cmap, 4)) + return -1; + numEntries = getu16(font, cmap + 2); + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, cmap, 4 + numEntries * 8)) + return -1; + + // first look for a full repertoire map + for (idx = 0; idx < numEntries; ++idx) { + entry = cmap + 4 + idx * 8; + type = getu16(font, entry) * 0100 + getu16(font, entry + 2); + // complete unicode map + if (type == 0004 || type == 0312) { + table = cmap + getu32(font, entry + 4); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 8)) + return -1; + /* Dispatch based on cmap format. */ + format = getu16(font, table); + switch (format) { + case 12: + return cmap_fmt12_13(font, table, charCode, glyph, 12); + default: + return -1; + } + } + } + + // if no full repertoire cmap was found, try looking for a bmp map + for (idx = 0; idx < numEntries; ++idx) { + entry = cmap + 4 + idx * 8; + type = getu16(font, entry) * 0100 + getu16(font, entry + 2); + // unicode bmp + if (type == 0003 || type == 0301) { + table = cmap + getu32(font, entry + 4); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, table, 6)) + return -1; + // dispatch based on cmap format + switch (getu16(font, table)) { + case 4: + return cmap_fmt4(font, table + 6, charCode, glyph); + case 6: + return cmap_fmt6(font, table + 6, charCode, glyph); + default: + return -1; + } + } + } + + return -1; +} + +static int +hor_metrics(PASTRY_Font *font, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing) +{ + uint_fast32_t hmtx, offset, boundary; + if (gettable(font, "hmtx", &hmtx) < 0) + return -1; + if (glyph < font->numLongHmtx) { + // glyph is inside long metrics segment + offset = hmtx + 4 * glyph; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + *advanceWidth = getu16(font, offset); + *leftSideBearing = geti16(font, offset + 2); + return 0; + } else { + // glyph is inside short metrics segment + boundary = hmtx + 4U * (uint_fast32_t) font->numLongHmtx; + if (boundary < 4) + return -1; + + offset = boundary - 4; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + *advanceWidth = getu16(font, offset); + + offset = boundary + 2 * (glyph - font->numLongHmtx); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 2)) + return -1; + *leftSideBearing = geti16(font, offset); + return 0; + } +} + +static int +glyph_bbox(const PASTRY *pastry, uint_fast32_t outline, int box[4]) +{ + double xScale, yScale; + // raad bounding box from the font file verbatim + if (!is_safe_offset(pastry->font, outline, 10)) + return -1; + box[0] = geti16(pastry->font, outline + 2); + box[1] = geti16(pastry->font, outline + 4); + box[2] = geti16(pastry->font, outline + 6); + box[3] = geti16(pastry->font, outline + 8); + if (box[2] <= box[0] || box[3] <= box[1]) + return -1; + // transform bounding box into PASTRY coordinate space + xScale = pastry->xScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + yScale = pastry->yScale / pastry->font->unitsPerEm; + box[0] = fast_floor(box[0] * xScale + pastry->xOffset); + box[1] = fast_floor(box[1] * yScale + pastry->yOffset); + box[2] = fast_ceil (box[2] * xScale + pastry->xOffset); + box[3] = fast_ceil (box[3] * yScale + pastry->yOffset); + return 0; +} + +// returns the offset into the font that the glyph's outline is stored at +static int +outline_offset(PASTRY_Font *font, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, uint_fast32_t *offset) +{ + uint_fast32_t loca, glyf; + uint_fast32_t base, this, next; + + if (gettable(font, "loca", &loca) < 0) + return -1; + if (gettable(font, "glyf", &glyf) < 0) + return -1; + + if (font->locaFormat == 0) { + base = loca + 2 * glyph; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, base, 4)) + return -1; + + this = 2U * (uint_fast32_t) getu16(font, base); + next = 2U * (uint_fast32_t) getu16(font, base + 2); + } else { + base = loca + 4 * glyph; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, base, 8)) + return -1; + + this = getu32(font, base); + next = getu32(font, base + 4); + } + + *offset = this == next ? 0 : glyf + this; + return 0; +} + +// for a simple outline, determines each point of the outline with a set of flags +static int +simple_flags(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t *offset, uint_fast16_t numPts, uint8_t *flags) +{ + assert(flags != NULL); + uint_fast32_t off = *offset; + uint_fast16_t i; + uint8_t value = 0, repeat = 0; + for (i = 0; i < numPts; ++i) { + if (repeat) { + --repeat; + } else { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, off, 1)) + return -1; + value = getu8(font, off++); + if (value & REPEAT_FLAG) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, off, 1)) + return -1; + repeat = getu8(font, off++); + } + } + flags[i] = value; + } + *offset = off; + return 0; +} + +// for a simple outline, decodes both X and Y coordinates for each point of the outline +static int +simple_points(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, uint_fast16_t numPts, uint8_t *flags, Point *points) +{ + assert(flags != NULL); + assert(points != NULL); + long accum, value, bit; + uint_fast16_t i; + + accum = 0L; + for (i = 0; i < numPts; ++i) { + if (flags[i] & X_CHANGE_IS_SMALL) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 1)) + return -1; + value = (long) getu8(font, offset++); + bit = !!(flags[i] & X_CHANGE_IS_POSITIVE); + accum -= (value ^ -bit) + bit; + } else if (!(flags[i] & X_CHANGE_IS_ZERO)) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 2)) + return -1; + accum += geti16(font, offset); + offset += 2; + } + points[i].x = (double) accum; + } + + accum = 0L; + for (i = 0; i < numPts; ++i) { + if (flags[i] & Y_CHANGE_IS_SMALL) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 1)) + return -1; + value = (long) getu8(font, offset++); + bit = !!(flags[i] & Y_CHANGE_IS_POSITIVE); + accum -= (value ^ -bit) + bit; + } else if (!(flags[i] & Y_CHANGE_IS_ZERO)) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 2)) + return -1; + accum += geti16(font, offset); + offset += 2; + } + points[i].y = (double) accum; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int +decode_contour(uint8_t *flags, uint_fast16_t basePoint, uint_fast16_t count, Outline *outl) +{ + assert(basePoint + count <= outl->numPoints); + uint_fast16_t i; + uint_least16_t looseEnd, beg, ctrl, center, cur; + unsigned int gotCtrl; + + /* skip contours with less than two points, since my algo can't handle them and + * they should appear invisible either way (because they don't have any area lmao) */ + if (count < 2) return 0; + + assert(basePoint <= UINT16_MAX - count); + + if (flags[0] & POINT_IS_ON_CURVE) { + looseEnd = (uint_least16_t) basePoint++; + ++flags; + --count; + } else if (flags[count - 1] & POINT_IS_ON_CURVE) { + looseEnd = (uint_least16_t) (basePoint + --count); + } else { + if (outl->numPoints >= outl->capPoints && grow_points(outl) < 0) + return -1; + + looseEnd = outl->numPoints; + outl->points[outl->numPoints++] = midpoint( + outl->points[basePoint], + outl->points[basePoint + count - 1]); + } + beg = looseEnd; + gotCtrl = 0; + for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) { + // cur can't overflow because we ensure that basePoint + count < 0xFFFF before calling decode_contour() + cur = (uint_least16_t) (basePoint + i); + if (flags[i] & POINT_IS_ON_CURVE) { + if (gotCtrl) { + if (outl->numCurves >= outl->capCurves && grow_curves(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->curves[outl->numCurves++] = (Curve) { + beg, cur, ctrl + }; + } else { + if (outl->numLines >= outl->capLines && grow_lines(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->lines[outl->numLines++] = (Line) { + beg, cur + }; + } + beg = cur; + gotCtrl = 0; + } else { + if (gotCtrl) { + center = outl->numPoints; + if (outl->numPoints >= outl->capPoints && grow_points(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->points[center] = midpoint(outl->points[ctrl], outl->points[cur]); + ++outl->numPoints; + + if (outl->numCurves >= outl->capCurves && grow_curves(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->curves[outl->numCurves++] = (Curve) { + beg, center, ctrl + }; + + beg = center; + } + ctrl = cur; + gotCtrl = 1; + } + } + if (gotCtrl) { + if (outl->numCurves >= outl->capCurves && grow_curves(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->curves[outl->numCurves++] = (Curve) { + beg, looseEnd, ctrl + }; + } else { + if (outl->numLines >= outl->capLines && grow_lines(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->lines[outl->numLines++] = (Line) { + beg, looseEnd + }; + } + + return 0; +} + +static int +simple_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, unsigned int numContours, Outline *outl) +{ + uint_fast16_t *endPts = NULL; + uint8_t *flags = NULL; + uint_fast16_t numPts; + unsigned int i; + uint_fast16_t beg; + + assert(numContours > 0); + + uint_fast16_t basePoint = outl->numPoints; + + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, numContours * 2 + 2)) + goto failure; + numPts = getu16(font, offset + (numContours - 1) * 2); + if (numPts >= UINT16_MAX) + goto failure; + numPts++; + if (outl->numPoints > UINT16_MAX - numPts) + goto failure; + + while (outl->capPoints < basePoint + numPts) { + if (grow_points(outl) < 0) + goto failure; + } + + PASTRY_STACK_ALLOC(endPts, uint_fast16_t, 16, numContours); + if (endPts == NULL) + goto failure; + PASTRY_STACK_ALLOC(flags, uint8_t, 128, numPts); + if (flags == NULL) + goto failure; + + for (i = 0; i < numContours; ++i) { + endPts[i] = getu16(font, offset); + offset += 2; + } + /* ensure that endPts are never falling + * falling endPts have no sensible interpretation and idk probably only exist in bad inputs + * + * so... just bail? */ + for (i = 0; i < numContours - 1; ++i) { + if (endPts[i + 1] < endPts[i] + 1) + goto failure; + } + offset += 2U + getu16(font, offset); + + if (simple_flags(font, &offset, numPts, flags) < 0) + goto failure; + if (simple_points(font, offset, numPts, flags, outl->points + basePoint) < 0) + goto failure; + outl->numPoints = (uint_least16_t) (outl->numPoints + numPts); + + beg = 0; + for (i = 0; i < numContours; ++i) { + uint_fast16_t count = endPts[i] - beg + 1; + if (decode_contour(flags + beg, basePoint + beg, count, outl) < 0) + goto failure; + beg = endPts[i] + 1; + } + + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(endPts); + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(flags); + return 0; +failure: + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(endPts); + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(flags); + return -1; +} + +static int +compound_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, int recDepth, Outline *outl) +{ + double local[6]; + uint_fast32_t outline; + unsigned int flags, glyph, basePoint; + // guard against compound glyphs that have themselves as component (wtf) + if (recDepth >= 4) + return -1; + do { + memset(local, 0, sizeof local); + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + flags = getu16(font, offset); + glyph = getu16(font, offset + 2); + offset += 4; + // i refuse to implement point matching, and neither does stb_truetype for that matter, so fuck you + if (!(flags & ACTUAL_XY_OFFSETS)) + return -1; + // read additional X and Y offsets (in FUnits) of this component + if (flags & OFFSETS_ARE_LARGE) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + local[4] = geti16(font, offset); + local[5] = geti16(font, offset + 2); + offset += 4; + } else { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 2)) + return -1; + local[4] = geti8(font, offset); + local[5] = geti8(font, offset + 1); + offset += 2; + } + if (flags & GOT_A_SINGLE_SCALE) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 2)) + return -1; + local[0] = geti16(font, offset) / 16384.0; + local[3] = local[0]; + offset += 2; + } else if (flags & GOT_AN_X_AND_Y_SCALE) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 4)) + return -1; + local[0] = geti16(font, offset + 0) / 16384.0; + local[3] = geti16(font, offset + 2) / 16384.0; + offset += 4; + } else if (flags & GOT_A_SCALE_MATRIX) { + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 8)) + return -1; + local[0] = geti16(font, offset + 0) / 16384.0; + local[1] = geti16(font, offset + 2) / 16384.0; + local[2] = geti16(font, offset + 4) / 16384.0; + local[3] = geti16(font, offset + 6) / 16384.0; + offset += 8; + } else { + local[0] = 1.0; + local[3] = 1.0; + } + /* at this point, apple more or less tells you to scale the matrix by its own L1 + * norm but stb_truetype scales by the L2 norm, and freetype doesn't scale at all + * microsoft's spec doesn't even mention anything like this, it just tells you to + * go fuck yourself + * + * hm idk it feels like nobody ever uses this feature */ + if (outline_offset(font, glyph, &outline) < 0) + return -1; + if (outline) { + basePoint = outl->numPoints; + if (decode_outline(font, outline, recDepth + 1, outl) < 0) + return -1; + transform_points(outl->numPoints - basePoint, outl->points + basePoint, local); + } + } while (flags & THERE_ARE_MORE_COMPONENTS); + + return 0; +} + +static int +decode_outline(PASTRY_Font *font, uint_fast32_t offset, int recDepth, Outline *outl) +{ + int numContours; + if (!is_safe_offset(font, offset, 10)) + return -1; + numContours = geti16(font, offset); + if (numContours > 0) { + // glyph has a simple outline consisting of a number of contours + return simple_outline(font, offset + 10, (unsigned int) numContours, outl); + } else if (numContours < 0) { + // glyph has a compound outline combined from mutiple other outlines + return compound_outline(font, offset + 10, recDepth, outl); + } else { + return 0; + } +} + +// weird thing to tell whether a given curve can be approximated closely enough by a line +static int +is_flat(Outline *outl, Curve curve) +{ + const double maxArea2 = 2.0; + Point a = outl->points[curve.beg]; + Point b = outl->points[curve.ctrl]; + Point c = outl->points[curve.end]; + Point g = { b.x-a.x, b.y-a.y }; + Point h = { c.x-a.x, c.y-a.y }; + double area2 = fast_abs(g.x*h.y-h.x*g.y); + return area2 <= maxArea2; +} + +static int +tessellate_curve(Curve curve, Outline *outl) +{ + /* i can conclude that this stack barely reaches a top height of 4 elements + * even for the largest font sizes that i wanna support, and as space reqs + * only grow logarithmically, 6 feels like it's more than enough */ +#define STACK_SIZE 6 + Curve stack[STACK_SIZE]; + unsigned int top = 0; + for (;;) { + if (is_flat(outl, curve) || top >= STACK_SIZE) { + if (outl->numLines >= outl->capLines && grow_lines(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->lines[outl->numLines++] = (Line) { + curve.beg, curve.end + }; + if (top == 0) break; + curve = stack[--top]; + } else { + uint_least16_t ctrl0 = outl->numPoints; + if (outl->numPoints >= outl->capPoints && grow_points(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->points[ctrl0] = midpoint(outl->points[curve.beg], outl->points[curve.ctrl]); + ++outl->numPoints; + + uint_least16_t ctrl1 = outl->numPoints; + if (outl->numPoints >= outl->capPoints && grow_points(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->points[ctrl1] = midpoint(outl->points[curve.ctrl], outl->points[curve.end]); + ++outl->numPoints; + + uint_least16_t pivot = outl->numPoints; + if (outl->numPoints >= outl->capPoints && grow_points(outl) < 0) + return -1; + outl->points[pivot] = midpoint(outl->points[ctrl0], outl->points[ctrl1]); + ++outl->numPoints; + + stack[top++] = (Curve) { + curve.beg, pivot, ctrl0 + }; + curve = (Curve) { + pivot, curve.end, ctrl1 + }; + } + } + return 0; +#undef STACK_SIZE +} + +static int +tessellate_curves(Outline *outl) +{ + unsigned int i; + for (i = 0; i < outl->numCurves; ++i) { + if (tessellate_curve(outl->curves[i], outl) < 0) + return -1; + } + return 0; +} + +// draws a line into the buffer, custom 2d raycasting algo is used +static void +draw_line(Raster buf, Point origin, Point goal) +{ + assert(buf.cells != NULL); + assert(buf.width > 0 && buf.height > 0); + Point delta; + Point nextCrossing; + Point crossingIncr; + double halfDeltaX; + double prevDistance = 0.0, nextDistance; + double xAverage, yDifference; + struct + { + int x, y; + } pixel; + struct + { + int x, y; + } dir; + int step, numSteps = 0; + Cell *restrict cptr, cell; + + delta.x = goal.x - origin.x; + delta.y = goal.y - origin.y; + dir.x = SIGN(delta.x); + dir.y = SIGN(delta.y); + + if (!dir.y) { + return; + } + + crossingIncr.x = dir.x ? fast_abs(1.0 / delta.x) : 1.0; + crossingIncr.y = fast_abs(1.0 / delta.y); + + if (!dir.x) { + pixel.x = fast_floor(origin.x); + nextCrossing.x = 100.0; + } else { + if (dir.x > 0) { + pixel.x = fast_floor(origin.x); + nextCrossing.x = (origin.x - pixel.x) * crossingIncr.x; + nextCrossing.x = crossingIncr.x - nextCrossing.x; + numSteps += fast_ceil(goal.x) - fast_floor(origin.x) - 1; + } else { + pixel.x = fast_ceil(origin.x) - 1; + nextCrossing.x = (origin.x - pixel.x) * crossingIncr.x; + numSteps += fast_ceil(origin.x) - fast_floor(goal.x) - 1; + } + } + + if (dir.y > 0) { + pixel.y = fast_floor(origin.y); + nextCrossing.y = (origin.y - pixel.y) * crossingIncr.y; + nextCrossing.y = crossingIncr.y - nextCrossing.y; + numSteps += fast_ceil(goal.y) - fast_floor(origin.y) - 1; + } else { + pixel.y = fast_ceil(origin.y) - 1; + nextCrossing.y = (origin.y - pixel.y) * crossingIncr.y; + numSteps += fast_ceil(origin.y) - fast_floor(goal.y) - 1; + } + + nextDistance = MIN(nextCrossing.x, nextCrossing.y); + halfDeltaX = 0.5 * delta.x; + + for (step = 0; step < numSteps; ++step) { + xAverage = origin.x + (prevDistance + nextDistance) * halfDeltaX; + yDifference = (nextDistance - prevDistance) * delta.y; + cptr = &buf.cells[pixel.y * buf.width + pixel.x]; + cell = *cptr; + cell.cover += yDifference; + xAverage -= (double) pixel.x; + cell.area += (1.0 - xAverage) * yDifference; + *cptr = cell; + prevDistance = nextDistance; + int alongX = nextCrossing.x < nextCrossing.y; + pixel.x += alongX ? dir.x : 0; + pixel.y += alongX ? 0 : dir.y; + nextCrossing.x += alongX ? crossingIncr.x : 0.0; + nextCrossing.y += alongX ? 0.0 : crossingIncr.y; + nextDistance = MIN(nextCrossing.x, nextCrossing.y); + } + + xAverage = origin.x + (prevDistance + 1.0) * halfDeltaX; + yDifference = (1.0 - prevDistance) * delta.y; + cptr = &buf.cells[pixel.y * buf.width + pixel.x]; + cell = *cptr; + cell.cover += yDifference; + xAverage -= (double) pixel.x; + cell.area += (1.0 - xAverage) * yDifference; + *cptr = cell; +} + +static void +draw_lines(Outline *outl, Raster buf) +{ + unsigned int i; + for (i = 0; i < outl->numLines; ++i) { + Line line = outl->lines[i]; + Point origin = outl->points[line.beg]; + Point goal = outl->points[line.end]; + draw_line(buf, origin, goal); + } +} + +// integrate the values in the buffer to arrive at the final grayscale image +static void +post_process(Raster buf, uint8_t *image) +{ + Cell cell; + double accum = 0.0, value; + unsigned int i, num; + num = (unsigned int) buf.width * (unsigned int) buf.height; + for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) { + cell = buf.cells[i]; + value = fast_abs(accum + cell.area); + value = MIN(value, 1.0); + value = value * 255.0 + 0.5; + image[i] = (uint8_t) value; + accum += cell.cover; + } +} + +static int +render_outline(Outline *outl, double transform[6], PASTRY_Image image) +{ + assert(outl != NULL); + assert(transform != NULL); + assert(image.pixels != NULL); + assert(image.width > 0 && image.height > 0); + Cell *cells = NULL; + Raster buf; + unsigned int numPixels; + + numPixels = (unsigned int) image.width * (unsigned int) image.height; + + PASTRY_STACK_ALLOC(cells, Cell, 128 * 128, numPixels); + if (!cells) { + return -1; + } + memset(cells, 0, numPixels * sizeof *cells); + buf.cells = cells; + buf.width = image.width; + buf.height = image.height; + + transform_points(outl->numPoints, outl->points, transform); + + clip_points(outl->numPoints, outl->points, image.width, image.height); + + if (tessellate_curves(outl) < 0) { + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(cells); + return -1; + } + + draw_lines(outl, buf); + + post_process(buf, image.pixels); + + PASTRY_STACK_FREE(cells); + return 0; +}
pastry.h added +113 -0
diff --git a/pastry.h b/pastry.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cea47b7fe6e66810d083d632a5563af93ce2d1a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pastry.h @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +#ifndef PASTRY_H +#define PASTRY_H + +#include <stddef.h> +#include <stdint.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <limits.h> + +#ifdef __cplusplus +extern "C" { +#endif + +#ifndef PASTRY_MALLOC +# define PASTRY_MALLOC(size) malloc(size) +#endif + +#ifndef PASTRY_FREE +# define PASTRY_FREE(ptr) free(ptr) +#endif + +#ifndef PASTRY_REALLOC +# define PASTRY_REALLOC(ptr, size) realloc(ptr, size) +#endif + +#ifndef PASTRY_CALLOC +static inline void* pastry_calloc_impl(size_t n, size_t size) { + if (n == 0 || size == 0) return NULL; + if (n > SIZE_MAX / size) return NULL; + + size_t total = n * size; + void* ptr = PASTRY_MALLOC(total); + // most environments do have memset tbh, even really limited ones + // this should be fine + if (ptr) memset(ptr, 0, total); + return ptr; +} +# define PASTRY_CALLOC(n, size) pastry_calloc_impl(n, size) +#endif + +// if mmap is not present in your environment +// #define PASTRY_NO_MMAP + +#ifndef PASTRY_DOWNWARD_Y +# define PASTRY_DOWNWARD_Y 0x01 +#endif + +typedef struct PASTRY PASTRY; +typedef struct PASTRY_Font PASTRY_Font; +typedef uint_least32_t PASTRY_UChar; +typedef uint_fast32_t PASTRY_Glyph; +typedef struct PASTRY_LMetrics PASTRY_LMetrics; +typedef struct PASTRY_GMetrics PASTRY_GMetrics; +typedef struct PASTRY_Kerning PASTRY_Kerning; +typedef struct PASTRY_Image PASTRY_Image; + +struct PASTRY +{ + PASTRY_Font *font; + double xScale; + double yScale; + double xOffset; + double yOffset; + int flags; +}; + +struct PASTRY_LMetrics +{ + double ascender; + double descender; + double lineGap; +}; + +struct PASTRY_GMetrics +{ + double advanceWidth; + double leftSideBearing; + int yOffset; + int minWidth; + int minHeight; +}; + +struct PASTRY_Kerning +{ + double xShift; + double yShift; +}; + +struct PASTRY_Image +{ + void *pixels; + int width; + int height; +}; + +const char *pastry_version(void); + +PASTRY_Font *pastry_loadmem (const void *mem, size_t size); +PASTRY_Font *pastry_loadfile(const char *filename); +void pastry_freefont(PASTRY_Font *font); + +int pastry_lmetrics(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_LMetrics *metrics); +int pastry_lookup (const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_UChar codepoint, PASTRY_Glyph *glyph); +int pastry_gmetrics(const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, PASTRY_GMetrics *metrics); +int pastry_kerning (const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph leftGlyph, PASTRY_Glyph rightGlyph, + PASTRY_Kerning *kerning); +int pastry_render (const PASTRY *pastry, PASTRY_Glyph glyph, PASTRY_Image image); + +#ifdef __cplusplus +} +#endif + +#endif
text.utf8 added +15 -0
diff --git a/text.utf8 b/text.utf8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9787d099b5214d564cf67b02daba5205ceaf53ac --- /dev/null +++ b/text.utf8 @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + 1. Euro Symbol: € + 2. Greek: Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα. + 3. Íslenska / Icelandic: Ég get etið gler án þess að meiða mig + 4. Polish: Mogę jeść szkło, i mi nie szkodzi + 5. Romanian: Pot să mănânc sticlă și ea nu mă rănește + 6. Ukrainian: Я можу їсти шкло, й воно мені не пошкодить + 7. Georgian: მინას ვჭამ და არა მტკივა + 8. Hindi: मैं काँच खा सकता हूँ, मुझे उस से कोई पीडा नहीं होती + 9. Hebrew: אני יכול לאכול זכוכית וזה לא מזיק לי +10. Yiddish: איך קען עסן גלאָז און עס טוט מיר נישט װײ +11. Arabic: أنا قادر على أكل الزجاج و هذا لا يؤلمني. +12. Thai: ฉันกินกระจกได้ แต่มันไม่ทำให้ฉันเจ็บ +13. Random Egyptian hieroglyphs: 𓀌 𓀹 𓁚 𓁭 + +text examples from Frank da Cruz's sampler: http://kermitproject.org/utf8.html